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Heel Raise (Calf Raise)

Draftstrength90%beginnermoderate evidence
View FHIR resourceFHIR R4 ActivityDefinition — the interoperable form of this exercise

Positions & Range of Motion

Start
standing tall, feet flat hip-width, knees soft, weight balanced over the big and second toes
End
risen up onto the balls of the feet with heels fully lifted into plantarflexion, crown reaching toward the ceiling
Range of Motion
0 to full ankle plantarflexion

How to Perform

Standing plantarflexion exercise. Patient rises onto balls of feet, lifting heels off the ground.

Watch on YouTube

Opens a YouTube search for “Heel Raise (Calf Raise)

Starting position: standing

Coaching Cues

  1. 1

    Tall trunk, soft knees — calf drives the rise

    (verbal)
  2. 2

    Push the floor away to stand on the toes

    (verbal)
  3. 3

    Reach the crown of the head toward the ceiling

    (verbal)
  4. 4

    Weight stays under the big toe and second toe

    (tactile)

Evidence-Based Dosing & EMG Data

Recommended Dosing

3×15-20 reps bilateral, progress to 3×10-15 single-leg

EMG Activation Data

Gastroc and soleus co-primary ~23% MVIC each; knee bent shifts to soleus dominant [Hébert-Losier 2012]

Muscles Involved (5)

Primary Movers

Lengthened / Stretched

Tibialis AnteriorAUDIT: Unidirectional plantarflexion; TA is a pure untrained antagonist (not in the muscle list) genuinely stretched as the ankle plantarflexes.

Synergists & Assistors

Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)SynergistDynamic lateral ankle stabilizer during heel raise

Easier Variations ↓

1

Seated Heel Raise

Perform seated to reduce body weight load. Targets soleus more than gastrocnemius.

2

Wall-Supported Heel Raise

Use a wall or counter for balance support.

Harder Variations ↑

1

Single-Leg Heel Raise

Perform on one leg to double the load. Progress when bilateral is easy for 15+ reps.

2

Eccentric Heel Lower

Rise on two feet, lower on one foot slowly off a step edge. Excellent for Achilles tendinopathy rehab.

3

Progress to heel-raise-eccentric

AUDIT: Tolerate 15+ bilateral concentric reps; add slow (4s) eccentric lowering off a step edge.

Target Movements (1)

Ankle PlantarflexionTalocrural Joint

Why This Exercise Matters

Everyday activities this exercise helps you do — essential means it directly trains the capacity the task needs:

Goals This Helps With

Rehab, performance, prevention, and mobility goals this exercise supports — essential means it's a cornerstone:

Evidence Sources (6)