📖 Static demo — read-only snapshot

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Serratus Anterior

Fan-shaped muscle on the lateral thorax with three functional parts (upper, middle, lower). Protracts and upwardly rotates the scapula.

Draft95%

Anatomy

Origin: Ribs 1-9 (lateral surface)
Insertion: Medial border of scapula (upper part: superior angle; middle part: medial border; lower part: inferior angle)
Action: Scapular protraction, upward rotation, posterior tilt, external rotation; stabilizes medial border and prevents winging
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7; upper part mainly C5, middle and lower parts C6-C7)
Blood Supply: Lateral thoracic artery, thoracodorsal artery

Movements (6)

Movement	Joint	Role	Notes
Scapular Protraction	Scapulothoracic Articulation	Primary	—
Scapular Upward Rotation	Scapulothoracic Articulation	Primary	Particularly lower fibers; rotates inferior angle laterally
Scapular Depression	Scapulothoracic Articulation	Secondary	Lower fibers
Shoulder Horizontal Adduction	Glenohumeral Joint	Stabilizer	Scapular protraction
Shoulder Flexion	Glenohumeral Joint	Synergist	Scapular upward rotation
Shoulder Abduction	Glenohumeral Joint	Synergist	Scapular upward rotation

Exercises (41)

Exercise	Role
Dynamic Hug	Primary
Bear Crawl	Primary
Wall Slide	Primary
Scaption with External Rotation	Primary
Supine Scapular Punch	Primary
Wall Angel	Primary
Push-Up Plus	Primary
Scapular Clock (Wall-Supported)	Primary
Downward Dog (Adho Mukha Svanasana)	Primary
Scapular Elevation and Depression (Shrugs / Reverse Shrugs)	Secondary
Prone Y-Raise	Secondary
Upward Rotation Shrug (30° Abduction)	Secondary
Landmine Press	Secondary
Chair Triceps Dip	Stabilizer
Wall Push-Up	Stabilizer
Full Can Exercise (Scaption with Thumbs Up)	Stabilizer
Wall Walks (Wall Finger Climbing)	Stabilizer
Overhead Squat (Assessment & Training)	Stabilizer
Thoracic Rotation in Quadruped (Thread the Needle)	Stabilizer
Thoracic Extension with Hip Hinge on Wall	Stabilizer
Side-Lying External Rotation	Stabilizer
Barbell Bench Press	Stabilizer
Dip	Stabilizer
Mountain Climber	Stabilizer
Burpee	Stabilizer
Chest Fly	Stabilizer
Pec Deck	Stabilizer
World's Greatest Stretch	Stabilizer
Water Bottle Lateral Raise	Stabilizer
Overhead Press (Seated)	Stabilizer
Bird Dog to Elbow-Knee	Stabilizer
Prone Y-T-W Raise	Synergist
Countertop Incline Push-Up	Synergist
Lateral Raise	Synergist
Dumbbell Bench Press	Synergist
Jumping Jack	Synergist
Dumbbell Shoulder Press	Synergist
Seated Cable Row	lengthening
Towel Scapular Retraction	lengthening
Scapular Retraction Exercise	lengthening
Inverted Row	lengthening

Sources

Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation — Anatomy of Serratus Anterior — origin, insertion, action, innervation
Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain — Manual muscle testing for Serratus Anterior